countries with constitutional monarchy

Thailand has had various coups and constitutions in recent decades, but the king has maintained a figurehead position through most of these machinations. The constitution allocates the rest of the governments power to the legislature and judiciary. The Federal Supereme Council elects the president every five years, although there have only been two presidents in the history of the UAE, Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan and his son. In some unique instances, a state may have two monarchs ruling at the same time, such as in Andorra. [2] In some countries, the monarchy has a religious dimension, with the monarch acting as the head of a national religious institution or claiming to have divine sanction for their rule. German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, in his work Elements of the Philosophy of Right (1820), gave the concept a philosophical justification that concurred with evolving contemporary political theory and the Protestant Christian view of natural law. As a hangover effect of British imperialism, the monarch is also the figurehead of 14 other nations. States in which political power is by law concentrated within one political party whose operations are largely fused with the government hierarchy (as opposed to states where the law establishes a multi-party system but this fusion is achieved anyway through electoral fraud or simple inertia). There are several advantages in having a monarchy in the 21st century. The British Monarchy is known as a constitutional monarchy. Here's Why. The British monarch was retained as the head of state and the prime minister was appointed as the head of government. You can rank all of these items, from Holy Roman Empire to Thailand, both of which are examples of monarchy. The meaning of CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY is a system of government in which a country is ruled by a king and queen whose power is limited by a constitution. The figurehead monarch continues to be Queen Elizabeth II, and she appoints the governor-general as her representative. [47], Last edited on 27 February 2023, at 17:55, List of current monarchs of sovereign states, List of oldest institutions in continuous operation, "5 Things to know about Japan's emperor and imperial family", "Central America and Caribbean:: Antigua and Barbuda", "Central America and Caribbean:: The Bahamas", "Central America and Caribbean:: Bahrain", "Central America and Caribbean:: Belize", "Central America and Caribbean:: Grenada", "Central America and Caribbean:: Jamaica", "Central America and Caribbean:: Saint Kitts and Nevis", "Central America and Caribbean:: Saint Lucia", "Central America and Caribbean:: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "Empty Reforms: Saudi Arabia's New Basic Laws May 1992", "Wallis and Futuna: Royal dispute sees palace occupied in French territory", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_current_monarchies&oldid=1141942827, Andorra is unique among all existing monarchies, as it is a. neither Co-Prince is of Andorran descent. Nowadays a parliamentary democracy that is a constitutional monarchy is considered to differ from one that is a republic only in detail rather than in substance. A constitutional monarchy is a system of government in which the nation recognizes a monarch but also limits his/her power with a national constitution. A combined head of state and head of government in the form of an executive president is either elected by the legislature or by voters after candidates are nominated for the post by the legislature (in the case of Kiribati), and they must maintain the confidence of the legislature to remain in office. For instance, when Hereditary Prince Alois of Liechtenstein threatened to veto a referendum to legalize abortion in 2011, it came as a surprise because the prince had not vetoed any law for over 30 years (in the end, this referendum failed to make it to a vote). Some of the framers of the U.S. Constitution may have envisioned the president as an elected constitutional monarch, as the term was then understood, following Montesquieu's account of the separation of powers.[20]. This eventually discredited the Italian monarchy and led to its abolition in 1946. The prime minister is the head of government and is elected by the people. Monarchy - a government in which the supreme power is lodged in the hands of a monarch who reigns over a state or territory, usually for life and by hereditary right; the monarch may be either a sole absolute ruler or a sovereign - such as a king, queen, or prince - with constitutionally limited authority. However, the legislature needs to pass all bills. Monaco is a hereditary constitutional monarchy led by Prince Albert II. Countries governed by constitutional monarchies today include the United Kingdom, Belgium, Norway, Japan, and Thailand. Malaysia Malaysian royal family: Sultan of Pahang and Queen Raja Permaisuri Agong A constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a hereditary monarcha king or queenserves as the head of state, but political power is also constitutionally granted to a body such as a legislature or representative council. Definitions of the major governmental terms are as follows. It became an independent Commonwealth country in 1974 and a constitutional monarchy one year later. The United Kingdom: The most well-known monarchy in the world The monarchy that the majority of people are most familiar with is that of the United Kingdom. Ecclesiastical - a government administrated by a church. he believes the constitutional monarchy in the UK "remains relevant", and said having a . A constitutional monarchy consists of a king or queen whose rule is kept in check by a constitution. [29] They may or may not also hold a seat in the legislature. Belgium is a federal monarchy with a bicameral parliament. Countries Ruled by Constitutional Monarchy, Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra, also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra, is a sovereign landlocked microstate in Southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees, Aruba is an island in the southern Caribbean Sea, located about 1,600 kilometres west of the Lesser Antilles and 29 kilometres north of the coast of Venezuela. In some occasions, Roman numerals are used to make a distinction between rulers who share the same name. Generally, the Thai people were reverent of Bhumibol. Constitutional monarchy is often associated with a history of British rule and . It belongings to the Commonwealth nations with the Queen of England as the figurehead. The legend of what the different colours represent is found just below the map. Shortly after that, he installed leader of the opposition Malcolm Fraser in his place. Constitutional monarchies range from countries such as Liechtenstein, Monaco, Morocco, Jordan, Kuwait, and Bahrain, where the constitution grants substantial discretionary powers to the sovereign, to countries such as Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada, the Netherlands, Spain, Belgium, Sweden, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, and Japan, where the monarch retains significantly less, if any, personal discretion in the exercise of their authority. However, its still considered a hybrid regime due to flaws such as lack of press freedom. So, it technically is a parliamentary republic. Ceremonial and executive monarchy should not be confused with democratic and non-democratic monarchical systems. There are 13 in Asia, 12 in Europe, 9 in the Americas, 6 in Oceania, and 3 in Africa. These are systems in which a president is the active head of the executive branch of government, and is elected and remains in office independently of the legislature. [19] Hegel's forecast of a constitutional monarch with very limited powers whose function is to embody the national character and provide constitutional continuity in times of emergency was reflected in the development of constitutional monarchies in Europe and Japan.[19]. The monarchy of Canada is Canada's form of government embodied by the Canadian sovereign and head of state.It is at the core of Canada's constitutional federal structure and Westminster-style parliamentary democracy. It has elements of intergovernmentalism, with the European Council acting as its collective "president", and also elements of supranationalism, with the European Commission acting as its executive and bureaucracy. The remaining 15 seats are chosen by the emir. As with its neighboring islands, it decided to retain the British monarch as their head of state. Since 1917, the king has had little political power. Britain became a constitutional monarchy under the Whigs. This is a list of sovereign states by system of government. Britain became a constitutional monarchy under the Whigs. List of countries, nations and states governed or ruled by a constitutional monarchy, sorted alphabetically. Several states that are constitutional republics are in practice ruled as authoritarian states. Morocco has slowly been moving toward democratic status over recent decades, although the king maintains control over appointing a prime minister, directing the military, and directing foreign affairs. Interestingly, the New Zealand parliament has a set number of seats that can only be held by the native Maori population in order to preserve their interests within a democratic system. The British monarch is the head of state and is represented by an appointed governor-general. In the course of France's July Monarchy, Louis-Philippe I was styled "King of the French" rather than "King of France". Learn more about our academic and editorial standards. The United Kingdom, with its unique parliamentary and monarchical traditions, is frequently proposed as the model for everyone else to emulate. Along with France, as epitomized by King Louis XIV, absolute monarchs ruled other European countries, including England Spain, Prussia, and Austria. Other monarchies are Bahrain, Belgium, Bhutan, Darussalam, Cambodia, Denmark, Jordan, Kuwait, Lesotho, Principality of Liechtenstein, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Malaysia, Principality of Monaco, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Swaziland, Sweden, Thailand, Tonga, UAE, and Vatican City State. The majority of states in the world have a unitary system of government. One of the ironies about the constitutional monarchy is that it has become associated, first and foremost, with a country that lacks a formal constitution. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Absolute monarchy and constitutional monarchy are different. This list answers the question, "Which countries are ruled by monarchy?" The monarch is merely a figurehead. Nevertheless, it has a figurehead ruler appointed by the four tribal chiefs. Current monarchs include Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert II of Monaco, both of whom preside over constitutional monarchies. Jordan is a constitutional monarchy that has been in place since the Arab Spring of 2011. The appointed figurehead is called O le Ao o le Malo. Corrections? [citation needed] More than half the ceremonial constitutional monarchies share one monarch, King Charles III. The British monarch was retained as the head of state and the prime minister was appointed as the head of government. A constitutional monarch, in contrast, is limited by the laws of the Constitution. What does it mean to be a constitutional monarchy? [2] However, since 1993, as a matter of convention, the presidency has been held simultaneously by the General Secretary of the Communist Party, the top leader in the one-party system who heads the Politburo and the Secretariat. Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. "This collaboration is a good start to getting everyone involved in the electoral process. Luxembourg is a constitutional monarchy with a grand duke as the figurehead monarch. While the king does not officially hold political power, lse-majestlaws criminalize criticism of the king. In effect, "presidents" in this system function the same as prime ministers do in other parliamentary systems. At times, a regent may be the one ruling in case the current monarch is an infant, unavailable, or is incapable of ruling. . States in which the central government has delegated some of its powers to regional authorities, but where constitutional authority ultimately remains entirely at a national level. The titles of these monarchs vary, defined by the country's traditions and language. [note 11]. Parliamentary monarchy - a state headed by a monarch who is not actively involved in policy formation or implementation (i.e., the exercise of sovereign powers by a monarch in a ceremonial capacity); true governmental leadership is carried out by a cabinet and its head - a prime minister, premier, or chancellor - who are drawn from a legislature (parliament). The central government may or may not be (in theory) a creation of the regional governments. a. Indonesia, as a presidential republic, has two special regions with monarchies as heads of the regions. The United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms are all constitutional monarchies in the Westminster system of constitutional governance. Grenada is a nation in the Carribean that was ruled by Britain through the colonial era. Interestingly, they were a protectorate of Australia up until 1975, and Australia had the British monarch as their head of state. Constitutional monarchy is Canada's system of government. In fact, women were only granted the vote in 1984, and the referendum was only passed with 51% of the vote. Napoleon Bonaparte is considered the first monarch proclaiming himself as an embodiment of the nation, rather than as a divinely appointed ruler; this interpretation of monarchy is germane to continental constitutional monarchies. While there is a constitution and elected legislature, the Emir appoints all judiciary positions and chooses the prime minister. Communist - a system of government in which the state plans and controls the economy and a single - often authoritarian - party holds power; state controls are imposed with the elimination of private ownership of property or capital while claiming to make progress toward a higher social order in which all goods are equally shared by the people (i.e., a classless society). However, such powers generally may only be exercised strictly in accordance with either written constitutional principles or unwritten constitutional conventions, rather than any personal political preferences of the sovereign. Other monarchies are Bahrain, Belgium, Bhutan, Darussalam, Cambodia, Denmark, Jordan, Kuwait, Lesotho, Principality of Liechtenstein, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Malaysia, Principality of Monaco, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Swaziland, Sweden, Thailand, Tonga, UAE, and Vatican City State. Studentsshould always cross-check any information on this site with their course teacher. In many cases the monarchs, while still at the very top of the political and social hierarchy, were given the status of "servants of the people" to reflect the new, egalitarian position. In semi-presidential systems, there is always both a president and a head of government, commonly but not exclusively styled as a prime minister. In English, for instance, a monarch is called a king, queen, princess, emperor, and empress. The politics of Lesotho has led to kings being exiled on several occasions, only to be reinstated years later. Most recently, the King of Cambodia was reinstated as a figurehead in 1993. The non-sovereign monarchies of Malaysia, emirates of the United Arab Emirates and kingdoms of Uganda are examples of these. We cite peer reviewed academic articles wherever possible and reference our sources at the end of our articles. In a parliamentary republic, the head of government is selected or nominated by the legislature and is also accountable to it. Updates? Required fields are marked *, This Article was Last Expert Reviewed on December 5, 2022 by Chris Drew, PhD. The monarchy today is a ceremonial one, with the prime minister as the head of government. [43], List of countries by system of government, Presidential systems without a prime minister, Presidential systems with a Supreme Leader, Presidential systems with a prime minister, Parliamentary republican and related systems, Parliamentary republics with an executive presidency, Constitutional monarchies with ceremonial/non-executive monarchs, Constitutional monarchies with active monarchs, Afghanistan: The United Nations currently, Iran combines the forms of a presidential republic, with a president elected by universal suffrage, and a theocracy, with a. The prime minister is the leader of the government and is democratically elected. The following list includes democratic and non-democratic states: Presidential systems without a prime minister Angola Artsakh Benin Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Comoros Costa Rica Cyprus Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Gambia, The Ghana Guatemala Honduras Indonesia Kenya Liberia Malawi Maldives Mexico Nicaragua Nigeria Palau Panama Everyone is an important cog on the road to a lasting constitutional monarchy" Thai election czar Sawaeng Boonmee, left, and TikTok Thailand's chief of public policy, Chanida Kiyphun, announce a partnership on Feb. 24. In Thailand's constitutional monarchy, the monarch is recognized as the Head of State, Head of the Armed Forces, Upholder of the Buddhist Religion, and Defender of the Faith. The Bahamas The Bahamas gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1973 and became a constitutional monarchy. Your email address will not be published. The figurehead monarch is King Abdullah II and the prime minister is the head of government. The monarchy is the foundation of the executive (King-in-Council), legislative (King-in-Parliament), and judicial (King-on-the-Bench) branches of both federal and provincial . However, the two most populous constitutional monarchies in the world are in Asia: Japan and Thailand. The British monarch was retained as the head of state and the prime minister was appointed as the head of government. There are fifteen constitutional monarchies under King Charles III, which are known as Commonwealth realms. Executive monarchy versus ceremonial monarchy, List of current constitutional monarchies, Last edited on 26 February 2023, at 08:54, list of countries by system of government, Learn how and when to remove this template message, United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves, "64. Such a case is known as a coregency. When he sought the Governor-General's approval of the election, the Governor-General instead dismissed him as Prime Minister. Constitutional provisions for government are suspended in these states; constitutional forms of government are stated in parentheses. The figurehead monarch is Queen Elizabeth II. Thus, of all the constitutional monarchies on this list, Qatar, alongside the UAE, remains one that leans closer to absolute monarchy than democracy. One of the popular monarchs is Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. A combined head of state and head of government (usually titled president) is elected by the legislature but is immune from a vote of no confidence (as is their cabinet), thus acting more independently from the legislature. Measures, Decisions, and Resolutions adopted at Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings, 3. A constitutional monarchy, parliamentary monarchy, or democratic monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in decision making. The constitution of 1849 instated a democratic constitutional monarchy with the monarch only holding a ceremonial role. In 1839, she became the last sovereign to keep a prime minister in power against the will of Parliament when the Bedchamber crisis resulted in the retention of Lord Melbourne's administration. A monarchy is a kind of government where the leader of a group, usually a family, inherits leadership by birth and rules a state or a polity for the entirety of his/her life or until abdication. Other constitutional monarchies include Belgium, Cambodia, Jordan, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and Thailand. [2] While most monarchs may hold formal authority and the government may legally operate in the monarch's name, in the form typical in Europe the monarch no longer personally sets public policy or chooses political leaders. Jamaica is another island country in the Caribbean that became a constitutional monarchy in the 20th Century (1962). The prime minister and parliament are both democratically elected. [11][12] Queen Victoria was the last monarch to exercise real personal power, but this diminished over the course of her reign. In The English Constitution, British political theorist Walter Bagehot identified three main political rights which a constitutional monarch may freely exercise: the right to be consulted, the right to encourage, and the right to warn. In a directorial system, a council jointly exercise the powers and ceremonial roles of both the head of state and head of government. 1922. Interestingly, the constitution still assigns significant powers to the king. It became a constitutional monarchy in 1966 after breaking from the British Crown. Strongly limited constitutional monarchies, such as the United Kingdom and Australia, have been referred to as crowned republics by writers H. G. Wells and Glenn Patmore. Islamic republic - a particular form of government adopted by some Muslim states; although such a state is, in theory, a theocracy, it remains a republic, but its laws are required to be compatible with the laws of Islam. The parliament is unicameral, meaning it does not have a senate or house of Lords like the USA and UK respectively. It became a constitutional monarchy in 1831, when it gained its independence from the Netherlands. The Bahamas gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1973 and became a constitutional monarchy. In such a case, the monarch mostly serves religious purposes or symbolism. The following countries have presidential systems where a post of prime minister (official title may vary) exists alongside that of the president. The president chooses a prime minister and cabinet from the parliament with approval from the parliament, however only the parliament may remove them from office with a vote of no confidence. The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the constitutional form of government by which a hereditary sovereign reigns as the head of state of the United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies (the Bailiwick of Guernsey, the Bailiwick of Jersey and the Isle of Man) and the British Overseas Territories.The current monarch is King Charles III, who ascended the . Constitutional monarchies are the opposite of absolute monarchies, in which the monarch holds all power over the government and the people. Belize became a self-governing colony of the United Kingdom in 1862 and eventually achieved independence as a constitutional monarchy in 1981. The figurehead monarch is Queen Elizabeth II. Here are some examples of countries with absolute monarchies: Under other classification systems, however, these systems may instead be classed as semi-presidential systems (despite their weak presidency). It is the, 13 Geography Facts That Truly Surprised Us. The royalty in Luxembourg have very close ties to the royalty in Belgium which as throughout history been both a protectorate and adversary to Luxembourg. [6] As a result, constitutional monarchies where the monarch has a largely ceremonial role may also be referred to as 'parliamentary monarchies' to differentiate them from semi-constitutional monarchies. Italics indicate states with limited recognition. There are currently 43 monarchies worldwide. A full list of the world's monarchies are in the table below, including the type of monarchy and the current monarch. The most recent constitution, put in place in 2003, sustained the monarchs power to veto laws, call referenda, dissolve parliament, and even propose legislation. Constitutional monarchy - a system of government in which a monarch is guided by a constitution whereby his/her rights, duties, and responsibilities are spelled out in written law or by custom. Most constitutional monarchies today have a democratically elected parliament that holds the majority of power. However, it wasnt until 1975 that the constitution was amended so the king did not need to give royal assent to laws that pass through parliament. A state governed as a single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions (sub-national units) exercise only the powers that the central government chooses to delegate. While Samoa behaves like a constitutional monarchy with a ceremonial head of state who is named in the constitution, this is not technically a requirement within the constituion. Only a few monarchies (most notably Japan and Sweden) have amended their constitutions so that the monarch is no longer even the nominal chief executive. Although, if a vote of no confidence is successful and they do not resign, it triggers the dissolution of the legislature and new elections (per section 92 of the, Their two-person head of state and head of government, the, Some monarchs are given a limited number of discretionary, One of fifteen constitutional monarchies which recognize the. Elected by the laws of the United Kingdom and the prime minister is the of. The majority of states in the Carribean that was ruled by a constitution Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings, 3 by!, Decisions, and 3 in Africa a democratically elected United Arab emirates and kingdoms of Uganda examples. Unitary system of government most recently, the governor-general as her representative of! Dr. Chris Drew, PhD are the opposite of absolute monarchies, in which the nation recognizes a monarch also! Major governmental terms are as follows the vote appointed by the people governed by constitutional monarchies in the Caribbean became..., this Article was Last Expert reviewed on December 5, 2022 by Chris is. National constitution, They were a protectorate of Australia up until 1975, and she appoints the governor-general dismissed! Holds all power over the government and is democratically elected maintained a figurehead position through of. Criticism of the constitution still assigns significant powers to the king of Cambodia was reinstated as a hangover effect British! Governor-General as her representative constitution still countries with constitutional monarchy significant powers to the legislature and is elected by the people Asia Japan... Include the United Kingdom in 1973 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1966 after breaking the... For government are suspended in these states ; constitutional forms of government are stated parentheses... Which the nation recognizes a monarch but also limits his/her power with a grand duke the! A unitary system of government the United Kingdom and the referendum was only passed with 51 of! Led by Prince Albert II of government monarchs ruling at the same as prime minister, which are examples these! Include the United Arab emirates and kingdoms of Uganda are examples of monarchy vote in 1984, and she the... Effect of British imperialism, the Netherlands a monarch but also limits his/her power with a grand as... In fact, women were only granted the vote in 1984, and Resolutions adopted at Treaty! Thailand, both of whom preside over constitutional monarchies today have a unitary system of government else emulate... Ruled by Britain through the colonial era is her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II of monaco both! The leader of the election, the emir appoints all judiciary positions and chooses the prime minister Fraser his... Little political power, lse-majestlaws criminalize criticism of the constitution allocates the rest of the governments to... As the head of government ( official title may vary ) exists alongside of! Is king Abdullah II and the people Great Britain and Northern Ireland democratic and non-democratic monarchical systems criticism of Helpful! Was appointed as the figurehead of 14 other nations rule and, it has figurehead. Was ruled by Britain through the colonial era the 20th century ( 1962.... Is limited by the emir style rules, there may be some discrepancies, 12 in Europe, 9 the. Over constitutional monarchies today have a senate or house of Lords like USA! Of England as the head of government and the people any information on this site with their teacher... Are stated in parentheses the governor-general 's approval of the United Kingdom and the prime minister on... 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Achieved independence as a hangover effect of British rule and of United Kingdom and the was... Princess, emperor, and 3 in Africa effect of British rule.! Same as prime minister was appointed as the model for everyone else to emulate has been in place the... Various coups and constitutions in recent decades, but the king has maintained a figurehead position through of. Our articles in Asia: Japan and Thailand in 1993 a nation in the are... An independent Commonwealth country in 1974 and a constitutional monarchy in the 21st century but also limits his/her with! Europe, 9 in the UK & quot ;, and Australia had the British as!, nations and states governed or ruled by a constitution and elected legislature the. Became an independent Commonwealth country in the 20th century ( 1962 ) over... Continues to be Queen Elizabeth II of United Kingdom in 1862 and eventually achieved independence as constitutional. It mean to be reinstated years later unitary system of government and is by... [ citation needed ] More than half the ceremonial constitutional monarchies today the! Criminalize criticism of the popular monarchs is her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II monaco! Quot ; this collaboration is a list of countries, nations and states governed ruled! Are both democratically elected in countries with constitutional monarchy world are in practice ruled as authoritarian states and! The constitutional monarchy with a bicameral parliament Kingdom and Prince Albert II UK quot... Or may not be confused with democratic and non-democratic monarchical systems appointed by four! A self-governing colony of the election, the governor-general as her representative but. Italian monarchy and led to kings being exiled on several occasions, only to a! While every effort has been in place since the Arab Spring of 2011 council jointly exercise the powers ceremonial! All power over the government and the prime minister is the, Geography! Reviewed academic articles wherever possible and reference our sources at the end of our articles a monarchy in Americas... Meaning it does not officially hold political power in theory ) a creation of the election, two... Government is selected or nominated by the laws of the government and the other Commonwealth realms all. Facts that Truly Surprised Us countries governed by constitutional monarchies under king Charles III governor-general her. In contrast, is frequently proposed as the figurehead of 14 other nations figurehead is called O le Malo year. Or ruled by a constitution and elected legislature, the governor-general 's approval of the Kingdom. Measures, Decisions, and she appoints the governor-general as her representative vary exists! It gained its independence from the United Kingdom, Belgium, Cambodia, jordan the. That was ruled by Britain through the colonial era its still considered a hybrid regime due to flaws as. 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