iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare

Iranian culture remains relatively class conscious. It seems that making decision for cesarean is done under the influence of cultural perceptions and beliefs. Culture influences the health comprehension, treatment options, and diagnostic claims of an individual. Montazeri et al. These values are neither positive nor negative - they're just differences. After delivering a written application to the respective authorities in hospitals and rehabilitation centres, formal permissions for conducting the research were obtained. According to Cuesta and Yousefian (Citation2015): Although compliments might be seen as face-flattering acts, in Islamic societies it is believed that they could attract the evil ey. Generally, young adults hide the existence of their girlfriend or boyfriend from their parents (especially the father) until they have ascertained that their relationship will lead to marriage. When religion is a highly accessible resource that is always available in a persons sociocultural context, it is likely that, in times of crisis, the person will turn to religion instead of other resources. Arranged marriage is generally not a cultural practice but can be found in some isolated rural areas. Intercession is a safe way of obtaining a divine blessing. Staying Single: What Most People Do If They Divorce After 50. 7. The first one is conversation with God and saints. In Iranian culture, boys are generally more indulged than girls, and more opportunities are generally available to them in the public sphere. The perceived role of God in illness and recovery is a primary influence upon the health care beliefs and behaviors of American Muslims, a first-of-its-kind study has discovered. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. According to Khoshkjan (Citation2016, p. 4), one of the most important motivations for pilgrimage is enjoying its savab (a spiritual reward). The most beloved Imam among Iranians is Imam Reza, whose tomb is in Iran. The more humility a person shows, the less likely they are to be criticised. Iran is an Islamic republic, both officially and in practice. The Persians were only one of these tribes who settled in the territory of Persis (also Parsa, modern-day Fars) which would give them their name. Therefore, if Iranians go out with their girlfriend or boyfriend in public, they run the risk of being berated, reported on or even detained. Survey identifies health behaviors, challenges shared by Muslim community. Cultural beliefs affect health and wellness through the information that it provides for its people. The first, and perhaps most crucial, elements of culture we will discuss are its values and beliefs. Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the cultural factors that have an impact on military nursing care for Iraqi patients. Health beliefs: In some cultures, people believe that talking about a possible poor health outcome will cause that outcome to occur. Here believing in the evil eye was in focus. However, in 1979, the Islamic Revolution overthrew the secular monarchy and the Islamic Republic was subsequently established. For those who find themselves in a life crisis, such as a serious illness like cancer, ziyarat is a safe shortcut to reaching God and obtaining His blessing and help. Those who are employed usually do desktop-based office work and also rarely get the same management opportunities. As mentioned before, sacred here is not defined in a religious context, but an inwardly sanctification context. Health (2 days ago) WebThe Mexicans truly believe that unity is strength. There remains a great deal of protection around girls in this regard. A 75-year-old woman told us: When the doctor said I had cancer, my children were extremely worried but I tried to comfort them to not be worried and said they should trust in God. Many people study for a higher education or post-graduate degree as strong respect is shown to those who have proof of expertise. The researcher visited or phoned potential patients, survivors, and those who were kept in hospice to invite them to voluntarily participate in the project, and to make an appointment for an interview at the Behnam Daheshpour Charity Organization. Putting others before ones self is considered the most dignified behaviour (see Taarof in Etiquette for a further explanation). It is worth noting that the expectations regarding what is honourable and shameful can vary significantly between different people, family backgrounds and social attitudes. Conceptualisations of cheshm eye (in Persian), Psychological effects of ziyarat on mental health and life of human, Uppsala University, Department of Sociology. So I prepared a notebook and started to write about whatever was going to happen. An orienting system is formed by the culture and affects the individuals life. However, it has received less attention from policymakers and health researchers in Iran. In the first pattern, the informants redefined the situation by regarding it as Gods test. Seer: It is garlic and represents medicine or health. I remembered we had learned during the religious lessons at school that the first chapter of the Quran that was sent to the Prophet was Recite. Then Recite became the core of my meditations and illustrations. I had learned this devotional habit in my childhood. At the same time Iranians will try to bring the outdoors inside whenever possible. (35-year-old female). The study reveals that, as Shia Muslims, the informants while relying on the power of the God believe in their own efforts to receive Gods mercy, often by making a pilgrimage, ziyarat. It should not be assumed that all Iranians share the same language, cultural, religious or political beliefs. keeping to the rules to avoid attracting the attention of government operatives). Despite restrictions on their public involvement, many women in Iran are highly educated. Nevertheless, much of the population shares the benefits of the middle class. Persian, Kurd, Balochi, Arab, Turkmen, Azeri, and Turkic tribes are the major ethnic groups residing . Accordingly, the focus, as well in this article as in our international project, is not the theological or physiological aspects of coping, but the sociological ones, i.e., the role of cultural settings in the framework of which the informants are socialised in applying the coping methods. Essential to our study is, thus, not the study of coping only from a psychological perceptive but mainly the role of culture in the present study; we define culture as a system of beliefs, traditions, customs, art, history, folklore, institutions, norm and values and how they are expressed a system that is shared by members of a society, community or group. They verified the process of coding and categorisation. I should make myself a better person. However, the interviews had different reasons for practicing such habits. I never go to Mosques but too other holy places since they are sources of comfort for me. With a population of 80 million (2017), Iran is one of the most populous countries in West Asia. Such tight control of their behaviour has resulted in their seclusion and exclusion. In Iranian culture, boys are generally more indulged than girls, and more opportunities are generally available to them in the public sphere. More recently, Iranians have been referring to themselves as living underground. Early marriage is a worldwide problem associated with a range of health and social consequences for teenage girls. Dating practices vary significantly between regions, and are impacted by attitudes and education. Moreover, it was explained to all potential informants that the research is part of an international study aimed at identifying the strategies patients use to cope with their illness; participation was voluntary; participants could withdraw at any time or from any part of the research without any consequences for themselves; the data are kept confidential; and the research reports have been presented and published without mentioning the participants name or representative characteristics. In the current paper, based on the study carried out in Iran, only the results on religious coping methods will be presented. I believe I have sinned, and it is my punishment. The healthcare and medical sector's market value in Iran was almost US$24 billion in 2002 and is forecast to rise to US$96 billion in 2017. For more information please visit our Permissions help page. The several religious coping methods found in the present study are categorised on the basis of RCOPEs five basic religious functions. Today, Iran is home to a population of around 83,024,745 individuals. Herding has long been a traditional part of the economy, and dairy productsmilk, cheese, and particularly yogurtare common ingredients in Persian dishes. Islam is practiced by the majority of Iranians and governs their personal, political, economic and legal lives. When Aryan (Indo-Iranian) tribes migrated to the region of modern-day Iran, it came to be known as Ariana or Iran - the land of the Aryans. In our study, we observed interviewees who preferred to rely on themselves rather than God for Reason A, above. Thus, turning to religion in coping is primarily a matter of the prominence of religion in the individuals culture of socialisation. In Iranian families, children are raised to be disciplined and to respect their elders. Family roles and dynamics vary significantly between those households that have progressive understandings of womens rights, authority and privacy and those that maintain traditional values. It is commonly accepted that health care providers must strive to deliver care in a "culturally competent" manner; that is, they must be aware of the importance of the values, beliefs, traditions, parenting styles, and other aspects of a person's culture when serving and interacting with a patient, and they must develop the competencies necessary to address these cultural differences in . The reason for this is that, as mentioned before, our definition of religion is a search for significance that unfolds within a traditional sacred context (Ahmadi, Citation2006, p. 72). As such, women are expected to cover up anything that could be considered an erotic provocateur to avoid unwanted public attention i.e. 6. In this respect, a 48-year-old woman explained: I believe that closeness to God, attending religious meetings, reading the Holy Book and visiting the mosque improves my health and calms me down. Culture influences, accordingly, the complex whole of social life: its institutions, laws, knowledge, customs, morals and lifestyles (Ahmadi, Citation2006). The interesting point is that some interviewees, who do not identify themselves as religious, have also told us they have used these practices. I strongly believe in it because it is carved into my bones. Previously, people usually only dated after high school; however, it is becoming common for teenagers to do so. It would seem reasonable to assume that religion is more accessible to individuals whose orientation system is greatly marked by religion. Background Spirituality plays an important role during old age, but reveals itself as a confounding mental health concept, which needs to be defined when providing spiritual care. The study offers nurses empirical data to help shape conversations about end-of-life care, and thus to enhance their commitment to help people 'die well', and should include retrieval of individuals' cultural and religious beliefs and values, and preferences for care. August 12, 2011. Generally, families with higher educations will be more open-minded regarding the mothers and fathers contribution to the household dynamic. As in other studies in the international project, after translation of the transcribed interviews, the interview protocols were coded in line with the themes found in the study using a thematic analysis method (Braun & Clarke, Citation2006) and the MAXQDA software (version 12). According to Bhardwaj (Citation1998), ziyarat expresses a certain regional Islamic culture, especially among non-Arab populations. Religious association also has powerful leverage in society. Examples include post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and high blood pressure, and about half of the Somali refugees and asylum-seekers suffer from a combination of two or more of these conditions (Gerritsen et al., 2006). It is a symbol of love. (p. 46). God tells us if you act, I will support you. Chief Editor: Robert T. Muller, The Trauma and Mental Health Report. I always went to pilgrims when I was under chemotherapy. Education is greatly valued in Iranian culture and so people often seek to have at least a basic understanding of a broad range of topics. In Nigeria, the core traditional values have been debased at the modern era. Self-Directing Religious Coping is a search for control directly through individual initiative rather than help from God. Even today with rampant urbanization, Iranians value nature and make every attempt to spend time in the open air. The participants were recruited through a number of cancer treatment and rehabilitation centres in Tehran. On the contrary, seeking the love of saints and imams was found in this study. Iran, officially recognized as the Islamic Republic of Iran, has a population of more than 84 million.It is an arid and mountainous country between Iraq and Afganistan with shores on the Persian and Caspian Sea. culture and values, Nigerians progressively imbibed the white-men's way of life and values (Nwabuisi, 2000). Careful consideration was made during this phase. I believe everybody has sinned somehow. To request a reprint or commercial or derivative permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below. Traditions, cultural values, attitudes and behaviors help in children's rearing in the society and relays the family structure from generation to generation [ 7 ]. Western values had both negative and positive effects on the social, economic, political, and cultural lives of Nigerians. In relation to the premium placed on education, there is also a common openness to innovation. Full-text available. This religious governance directly affects the public, political, economic and legal aspects of people's lives. We observed the use of a coping method by some informants that can be categorised as Benevolent Religious Reappraisal. Almost all Iranians respect the principle of modesty in the Islamic religion. This ensures that the households name is not implicated with trouble and their honour is protected. The eye is a pragmatic element in both cultures. We all have cultural values. Education, wealth and ethnic or tribal associations can all affect a persons social standing. The interview guide was primarily based on the questions used in the Swedish study (Ahmadi, Citation2015); however, some cultural considerations were applied during production of the final protocol. Coding continued until a high level of inter-rater agreement was reached. We pay our respects to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander custodians past, present and emerging. It is also a possible way to make ones bargaining with God more successful. He gave me my life and He can take it back. The participants confirmed large cultural differences in doctor-patient communication when encountering Iranian and Swedish patients. Thus, secular meaning-making coping hardly has any point of connection with a traditional sacred context, but can overlap with a search for connectedness with a sacred source without relating to God or any traditional religious context. Nonna Khakpour, Contributing Writer, The Trauma and Mental Health Report. Therefore, behaviour in Iran is regulated to adhere to social expectations that are largely derived from more conservative interpretations of the Quran. her figure and her hair. We found two patterns. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were employed to identify the meaning-making coping methods used by cancer patients in Iran. We don't wish to prevent doctors from practising in line with their beliefs and values, as long as they also follow the guidance in Good medical practice. This is called Shafaah. Significant class differences were exacerbated through periods of recent economic hardship and instability. (p. 138). They commonly obtain a university degree and have entered the professions of law, engineering, politics, medicine and business. So I accepted it and was happy with it. This work was supported by Hgskolan i Gvle: [Grant Number 7350]. Spiritual Connection means experiencing a sense of connectedness with forces that transcend the individual as a coping method to gain comfort. FAMILY VALUES Many Iranian immigrants in New Zealand are more westernized and secularized One 41-year-old man explained this: We have a responsibility to act. In this regard, a 53-year-old woman, told us: I never ask the clergy for help.. While prestige can be gained through achievement, boasting of it is seen as pretentious and can draw quick dislike and denigration. It has had a Muslim majority population for centuries and so the culture is deeply characterised by its strong Islamic influence. A catharsis is an emotional release linked to the urgent need to resolve unconscious conflicts through means other than directly venting the feelings associated with these conflicts.Footnote4. Iranians take their responsibilities to their family quite seriously. They were conducted face-to-face and in Persian; all interviews were audio-recorded and then transcribed verbatim. We recognise that personal beliefs and cultural practices are central to the lives of doctors and patients, and that all doctors have personal values that affect their day-to-day practice. It is also considered quite prestigious to be able to trace ones heritage back for centuries. I can talk to Him, even talk to the saints. The verse continues this way: Recite in the name of your Lord who createdCreated man from a clinging substance. I thought to myself a clinging substance means a blood mass and I had Leukemia too, so God who creates mankind from blood can heal me. The concepts and topics of spirituality and secular meaning-making coping also overlap, but there is no overlap between secular and religious concepts and topics. In A Minor Leap Down, filmmaker Rajabi addresses the over-prescription of psychotropic medication in Iran, explaining: Depression signifies that a part of our lives hurtand taking pills wont solve anything until we distinguish which part of our life is causing the problem.. Cultural values are a culture's core beliefs about what's good or right. They are also sometimes taught early that the protection of family honour also resides with them. The Cultural Atlas team acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the lands throughout Australia on whose country we have the privilege to live and work. There is a divide in the values of the country between those families that are progressive on this matter and those that maintain conservative values. Method In a qualitative content analysis approach, we searched for the factors promoting spirituality among a selection . Among Muslims, the idea of testing (Ekhtebar) is rather robust. Individuals' families also play a role in the way health is perceived. The individual may endorse self-directed methods because he/she is not very religious and does not involve God in the coping process. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. Children are not necessarily expected to go into their parents profession, but are urged to follow their passion. 2 COMMUNICATION Greetings Hello Salaam Goodbye Khoda hafez . Italy is a country located in the south of Europe. Get a downloadable, printable version that you can read later. Data was reported in Iran in 2013 has shown that almost 42 percent of deliveries in public hospitals and 90 percent in private hospitals were carried out with cesarean section. Ziyarat is, however, not merely a way of reaching God to ask for help. Elderly relatives are kept at home, not placed in a nursing home. Cultural is a comprehensive concept that contains children's states of health, illness, and well-being. The results of the Pearson's correlation coefficient test indicated that there was no significant relationship between professional values and age (r = 0.03, p = 0.47), while there was a significant relationship between professional values and the GPA (r = 0.29, p = 0.003).This revealed that the students with higher GPA had higher scores in professional values. Vegetables are central to the Iranian diet, with onions an ingredient of virtually every dish. Iranian culture remains relatively class conscious. It also helps for the child to see how he specifically contributes to the family. The concept of orientation system concerns the ways in which culture influences peoples lives. A Minor Leap Down, an Iranian film featured at international film festivals in Berlin and Toronto, illustrates the struggle of a 30-year-old Iranian woman named Nahal, whose deteriorating mental health is undermined by her family. The Fatima Masumeh Shrine in Qom, Iran is one of the holiest sites for Shia M One can notice it in the institutions dedicated to technology and medical sciences, but also in the general populations remarkable mobilisation of multiple social networks. If a child knows that he has certain chores to do each day, it teaches him responsibility. The culture of sitting next to the table, pickles, flavors, sweets, and the rituals of its beginning and end, or hosting, and serving food is one of the main pillars, also shows this importance. Many Asian people, by comparison, have a strong belief that uncertainty is inherent in life and each day is taken as it comes. In an effort to study from a sociological perspective more closely the role of culture in cancer patients meaning-making coping methods, an international project has been conducted in 10 countries (Sweden, South Korea, China, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Portugal, Brazil, Turkey and Iran). Even though Iranians may consider some of these cultural customs ordinary and mundane, they are sure to raise a foreign eyebrow or two. To be able to appreciate other cultures' health values, beliefs, and behaviors, increased cultural c All people may gain the prestige of a familys success or bear the responsibility for a familys dishonour. As Ahmad, explains: Besides, the religious consciousness of Islam is not concentrated on a historical fact, but rather on a meta-historical, or better, trans-historical fact of the primordial covenant (mithaq) between man and God as understood from the Sura 7:172 in the Quran. The Middle East consists of . The study highlights the importance of investigating cultural and social context when exploring the use of the meaning-making coping strategies in different countries. Nonetheless, there are some mainstays of Iranian society, such as the importance of family, the proud adherence to local culture and traditions, and the tendencies toward post-modern ways of life and ways of thinking that influence the choice of coping strategies. Stigma surrounding psychological disorders in Iran often leads to isolation, as fear of judgment and ridicule creates barriers to pursuing treatment. View. Role of Father: In traditional families, the father is the head of the household. One of the methods in this category is Benevolent Religious Reappraisal: using religion to redefine the stressor as benevolent and potentially beneficial. If faced with criticism, Iranians are likely to deny any fault in order to avoid dishonour. It is a kind of charity, helping people in need. One 60-year-old woman explained this: I am very close to God and talk to Him a lot. According to research published in the Journal of Health and Social Behaviour by Erin Cornwell of Cornell University and Linda Waite of the University of Chicago, social relationships are particularly important for those coping with mental illness; social withdrawal aggravates loneliness, stress, and feelings of low self-worth. In fact, there are just as many ways of being Iranian and religious, as there are Iranians. Sobhani and Mirdarikondi (Citation2014) found that ziyarat enhances enthusiasm and positive behaviour in individuals. Families tend to be small, only 1 or 2 children, but the extended family is quite close. Look! Eyes, although tremendously important in sexual and affectional relations, are also regarded an important body part because they can attract evil. Their problems have resulted in an existential void, and this void requires that they elaborate the old order to form a new order that could help them fill the void. I think He has listened. Mexican Family Culture: Important Values, Traditions, and Beliefs.

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